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What a tax base actually costs in 2026.

A company and a tax residency are different products. Formation ads sell the company. Founders pay for the visa, insurance, apartment and year-two renewals. This page compares 2026 costs for the UAE, Singapore, a Wyoming LLC, Paraguay, Uruguay, Panama and Cyprus. Labelled market ranges only, not quotes, and not tax advice.

A company is not a tax residency

Formation ads treat a company and a tax residency as one purchase. A company is a licence or LLC for invoicing, banking and filings. A personal tax base is the country that treats you as resident, with day-count tests, visas, insurance and a place you actually sleep. A Wyoming LLC is a company. Paraguay residency can be a tax residency. A Dubai free-zone company can be both, but only if you live in the UAE and keep the visa, medical insurance, apartment and Ejari (the registered tenancy) current.

US citizens and many green-card holders stay taxable on worldwide income wherever they sit. None of these columns changes that.

Who this is for

Pick the country that matches the work you will actually do, not the cheapest Google ad.

  • You will move and run the company there. You need a city to live in, a visa and the cost of living there. That is the UAE or Singapore. Budget for rent and visas, not just the company fee.
  • You only need a company for invoices. That is a company, not a tax residency. Wyoming is the usual US LLC for foreign founders. It does not move your tax residency.
  • You want both a company and a new personal tax residency. Then budget for the visa, insurance, apartment, office, filings and the costs the advertised package leaves out.

Four types, seven countries

Live and work there: the UAE and Singapore. Company only, not a tax residency: a Wyoming LLC. Generally taxes local income, not foreign income: Paraguay, Uruguay and Panama. Those three are not the same. EU with a 60-day tax residency route: Cyprus, now at 15% corporate tax.

True cost, side by side

These figures are planning ranges, not quotes. UAE company bands match the UAE company setup cost 2026 guide. For the onshore licence itself, start with mainland versus free zone.

UAE
What you actually buy
A company and a visa. You have to live in the UAE.
Personal tax
0% personal income tax
Company tax
9% above AED 375,000. Small Business Relief may run to 31 December 2029 (Decision 131 of 2026). A qualifying free-zone company may pay 0% on qualifying income if it meets Federal Tax Authority tests.
Days in the country
You need a visa and you need to live here. You renew the home, the licence and the visas together.
Year 1 company planning range
A one-visa company you can actually use is often AED 14,000-49,000. Mainland first-year all-in is often AED 25,000-52,000. Advertised starters still AED 5,750-12,900.
Living costs and year two
Year 2 is often 35-60% above the year-one company cost. Add medical insurance, rent and Ejari (the registered tenancy).
Hidden trap
You need a tenancy contract to renew the licence, the licence to keep the establishment card, and the card to keep every visa.
Singapore
What you actually buy
A company and an Employment Pass, if you qualify. You have to live in Singapore.
Personal tax
0%-24% for tax residents (IRAS, YA 2024 onwards)
Company tax
17% headline corporate tax (IRAS). Startup exemptions can lower the effective rate.
Days in the country
Personal tax residency usually needs 183 days (IRAS). An Employment Pass is a work permit, not tax residency by itself.
Year 1 company planning range
ACRA government fees are about S$315. Foreign founders usually add a nominee director, secretary and Employment Pass fees.
Living costs and year two
The Employment Pass salary, rent and schools usually cost more than the ACRA fee
Hidden trap
You must pay the Employment Pass salary. A nominee director you never replace stays on the bill.
Wyoming
What you actually buy
A US company only. Not a tax residency and not a visa.
Personal tax
Wyoming has no state income tax. Your home country still taxes you.
Company tax
No Wyoming income tax. US federal tax can still apply to income tied to a US trade or business, or certain US-source income.
Days in the country
None. You do not need to live in Wyoming.
Year 1 company planning range
Formation plus a registered agent. The state fee is low. You still have to file Form 5472.
Living costs and year two
Annual report from $60 plus agent fees, plus Form 5472. You still live, and pay tax, somewhere else.
Hidden trap
Form 5472 plus a pro forma Form 1120. Miss it and the IRS can assess $25,000 per form.
Paraguay
What you actually buy
A tax residency that generally taxes Paraguay income, not foreign income, if the tax office treats you as resident.
Personal tax
About 10% on Paraguay-source income. Foreign-source generally 0% (Ley 6380/2019)
Company tax
Generally 10% on Paraguay-source company income
Days in the country
No 183-day tax test in the law. You still need legal residency, a tax ID and economic ties. Ads that say you never need to visit are ads.
Year 1 company planning range
Competitor-published residency-agency packages often cost a few thousand US dollars. Opening a bank account is usually the harder cost.
Living costs and year two
Living costs are lower than Dubai if you spend time there. Banks may still ask for more proof you actually live or work there.
Hidden trap
Other countries may ignore a residency you never used. Opening an account at a large bank is often slower than the ads say.
Uruguay
What you actually buy
A tax residency that usually requires you to spend time in Uruguay.
Personal tax
Uruguay personal income tax (IRPF) on local income. Foreign investment income can be exempt for a limited time (Law 20.446)
Company tax
Local corporate tax if you operate there. Foreign-source company income is not automatically 0%.
Days in the country
Usually 183 days, or a higher investment path for newcomers from 1 January 2026 (Law 20.446)
Year 1 company planning range
Higher than Paraguay. You are paying for stronger institutions and, usually, time in the country.
Living costs and year two
Most founders need to spend time there. A registered address is not enough.
Hidden trap
Law 20.446 raised the investment threshold versus Paraguay. The foreign-income exemption expires.
Panama
What you actually buy
A tax residency that generally taxes Panama income, not foreign income, if you are tax resident there.
Personal tax
Local progressive rates. Foreign-source income is generally not taxed if the territorial rule applies
Company tax
Panama-source company profits are taxed. Foreign-source profits generally are not.
Days in the country
A visa or residency card is not automatically a tax-residency certificate
Year 1 company planning range
A lawyer has to file the visa. Investor routes often need a large property purchase or deposit.
Living costs and year two
US-dollar living costs in Panama City plus whatever capital the visa route required
Hidden trap
Friendly Nations is a visa route. It is not, by itself, tax residency.
Cyprus
What you actually buy
An EU company plus a 60-day tax residency route, if you meet the tests.
Personal tax
Progressive personal tax. Non-domicile relief can still exempt dividends and interest from Special Defence Contribution
Company tax
15% corporate tax from 1 January 2026 (was 12.5%)
Days in the country
60 days in Cyprus, a home, a job or directorship, and no more than 183 days in any other single country
Year 1 company planning range
Competitor-published formation often EUR 1,200-2,600 before accounting, audit and a home.
Living costs and year two
A permanent home for the 60-day rule, plus EU-style accounting and audit
Hidden trap
Corporate tax is 15%. If two countries both treat you as resident, the tax treaty decides which one wins.

Government figures are named below. Agency prices are competitor-published, the same way this site labels StartDXB and Zetup. Confirm the current rule before you pay.

Costs, trade-offs and who it does not fit

Every card lists the same costs: licence, founder visa, extra visas, medical, apartment, office, filings and what the advertised package leaves out. Use that list to plan year two, not just the formation fee.

Live and work there

UAE (Dubai as the usual base)

0% personal income tax. Housing, visas and insurance are separate costs.

Personal tax. 0% personal income tax

Company tax. 9% above AED 375,000. Small Business Relief may apply under AED 3 million revenue through tax periods ending 31 December 2029 (MoF Decision 131 of 2026). A qualifying free-zone company may pay 0% on qualifying income if it meets Federal Tax Authority tests.

Ups

  • 0% personal income tax if you are tax resident here
  • A city you can run a company from: clients, flights, banks, staff visas
  • Investor and employment visas are issued through the company
  • 9% corporate tax with a 0% band on the first AED 375,000 and, for some firms, Small Business Relief to 2029

Downs

  • Investor visa, employment visas, mandatory medical insurance, an apartment and usually an office or shared desk
  • Formation ads quote year one. Renewals, visas and medical insurance land in year two.
  • Mid-range one-bed rent is commonly cited around AED 5,000-12,000 a month depending on area (competitor-published 2026 living guides)
  • You need to live here. An unused licence still renews and does not create tax residency on its own.
Licence / company
Mainland or free zone. Advertised Year-1 starters still AED 5,750-12,900. A one-visa company you can actually use is usually higher.
Founder visa
Investor or employment visa tied to the company. Medical insurance, Emirates ID and stamping are added to the advertised licence price.
Employment visas
Each extra person is another file, another medical exam and more office space.
Medical insurance
Mandatory for residents. Competitor-published founder plans often sit from about AED 1,500-5,000 per person. Family cover costs more.
Apartment
Ejari on the home (the registered tenancy). First rent payments, a deposit and agency fees land before you have invoiced anyone.
Office / Ejari
Mainland usually needs a physical office with Ejari. Free zones sell shared desks. A cheap desk still has an annual renewal.
Annual filings
Licence renewal, audit in most zones, corporate tax return, VAT if you are registered.
What the advertised package leaves out
You need a tenancy contract to renew the licence, the licence to keep the establishment card, and the card to keep every visa.

A poor fit if you will not live here and only wanted a cheap company for invoices.

UAE company bands: competitor-published StartDXB (June 2026), freezonecompare and Zetup, same ranges as the 2026 cost guide. Corporate tax and Small Business Relief: MoF Decision 131 of 2026, reported by WAM on 7 August 2026. Rent and medical: labelled competitor-published 2026 living guides, not private invoices.

Live and work there

Singapore

ACRA incorporation is about S$315. The Employment Pass salary floor is the larger cost.

Personal tax. 0%-24% for tax-resident individuals (IRAS, YA 2024 onwards).

Company tax. 17% flat headline rate (IRAS). GST 9% on standard-rated supplies.

Ups

  • Mature company law, English as the working language, serious banking
  • Incorporation itself is cheap and fast (ACRA)
  • Useful if your customers sit in Southeast Asia
  • Startup tax exemptions can cut the effective corporate rate on early profits

Downs

  • IRAS publishes personal income tax up to 24% for tax-resident individuals.
  • Employment Pass 2026 qualifying salaries commonly start around S$5,600 a month (MOM), age-adjusted, plus COMPASS points
  • A locally resident director is mandatory. Nominee fees continue if you never move.
  • Rent and schools usually exceed the government filing fees
Licence / company
Private limited company. ACRA government fees are about S$15 for the name plus S$300 for incorporation.
Founder visa
Employment Pass or EntrePass. MOM fees are small. The salary floor and COMPASS score decide whether you get the pass.
Employment visas
Each foreign hire is another pass, another salary floor and more rules about hiring locals.
Medical insurance
Singapore does not force the same resident medical plan as the UAE, but you still buy health insurance. Hospital bills can exceed the filing fees.
Apartment
Rent is usually the larger cost. The S$315 figure is the ACRA filing fee, not housing or salary.
Office / address
A registered address is required. A nominee director is required until you live in Singapore.
Annual filings
Annual return (about S$60 to ACRA), estimated tax filing, corporate tax, and GST if sales cross S$1 million.
What the advertised package leaves out
A tourist stamp and a nominee director do not make you a Singapore tax resident.

A poor fit if you wanted 0% personal tax, or a visa you can hold while living somewhere else most of the year.

Corporate tax 17%, GST 9% and personal bands to 24%: IRAS. ACRA fees: ACRA BizFile schedule (S$15 + S$300). Employment Pass qualifying salary and COMPASS: MOM-published 2026 guidance, commonly from about S$5,600 a month. Nominee-director bands: competitor-published corporate-service ranges, not a government fee.

Company only

US Wyoming LLC

The usual US LLC for foreign founders. It is not a tax residency.

Personal tax. Wyoming has no personal income tax. That does not move your tax residence. Home-country tax continues unless that country's rules change.

Company tax. No Wyoming state income tax. US federal income tax can still apply if the LLC has income tied to a US trade or business, or certain US-source income.

Ups

  • Fast, cheap US company that clients recognise
  • No Wyoming state income tax and a low annual report fee
  • No need to live in the United States
  • FinCEN's 11 August 2026 final rule exempts domestic US companies from beneficial ownership reporting. The 2024 Corporate Transparency Act filing rules no longer apply to those companies.

Downs

  • Not a visa. Not a tax residency. Not 0% tax in the country where you actually live.
  • Form 5472 is an information return. Missing it can trigger a $25,000 penalty per form.
  • Income tied to a US trade or business, or certain US-source income, can still be taxable
  • Banks and payment processors still ask where the owners live
Licence / company
Wyoming LLC. Popular with foreign nationals because the annual report is cheap and you do not need to live there.
Founder visa
None. An LLC is not a visa.
Employment visas
None. Hire people where they are allowed to work.
Medical insurance
Whatever your actual country of residence requires. Wyoming does not sell you health insurance.
Apartment
You still pay rent where you sleep.
Office / address
A Wyoming registered agent. That is a mail address for legal notices, not proof you operate there.
Annual filings
Wyoming annual report from $60 plus Form 5472 and a pro forma Form 1120 when the owner has to file.
What the advertised package leaves out
The LLC does not replace a UAE visa, apartment or tax residency. It adds US filing duties.

A poor fit if you need to leave your current personal tax residency. A Wyoming LLC will not do that.

Wyoming annual report / licence tax: Wyoming Secretary of State (often $60 minimum). Form 5472 and the $25,000 penalty: IRS Instructions for Form 5472 (Rev. December 2024), IRC 6038A. Beneficial ownership: FinCEN final rule, 11 August 2026, domestic entities exempt. US income-tax outcomes still depend on activity and nexus.

Taxes local income

Paraguay

Generally taxes Paraguay income, not foreign income. Agency claims that you never need to visit are ads, not the law.

Personal tax. Generally about 10% on Paraguay-source income and 0% on foreign-source (Ley 6380/2019).

Company tax. Generally 10% on Paraguay-source company income.

Ups

  • Territorial system written into Ley 6380/2019: local income taxed, foreign income generally not
  • No 183-day tax test of the Singapore or Uruguay type
  • Lower setup cost than Dubai or Singapore
  • The rule is simple: local-source taxed, foreign-source generally not

Downs

  • Residency-agency blogs sell this harder than DNIT does
  • Opening an account at a large bank, and getting clients to recognise the country, is often slower than the ads say
  • The DNIT certificate process can still ask for a Constancia de Movimiento Migratorio (a travel record)
  • Your old country may still treat you as resident if your life never moved
Licence / company
A local company is optional. The tax residency is the residency permit plus DNIT and a tax ID, not a shared desk.
Founder visa
Temporary or permanent residency, then a national ID (cedula). This is immigration first.
Employment visas
A Paraguay card does not let you staff a team in Dubai or London.
Medical insurance
Private cover if you want it. Not the UAE mandatory-resident model.
Apartment
Cheaper than Dubai. Other tax offices will notice if you claim this is home and never rent anything.
Office / address
A tax address and filings. Other authorities still look at where you actually work and live.
Annual filings
Tax ID compliance. Crypto reporting rules have tightened (competitor-published 2026 notes cite DNIT resolutions). Confirm with DNIT.
What the advertised package leaves out
Other tax authorities look at your flights. Paraguay law not having a 183-day rule does not bind them.

A poor fit if you need a large-bank account, clients who have heard of the country, or a city you want to run a team from.

Territorial source rules: Ley 6380/2019. Tax-residency certificate practice: DNIT / Resolucion General 65/2020. No 183-day individual tax test in the tax code. Setup prices: competitor-published residency-agency ranges, labelled as ads.

Taxes local income

Uruguay

Stronger institutions than Paraguay. The rules are not the same.

Personal tax. Local personal income tax (IRPF) is progressive. Foreign investment income can be exempt for a limited time if you qualify.

Company tax. Local corporate tax if you operate in Uruguay. Do not assume the company pays 0%.

Ups

  • Stronger institutions and a more liveable city than the cheaper options that tax local income
  • A documented exemption on specified foreign investment income for qualifying new residents
  • Spending 183 days can unlock that exemption without that investment (Decree 188/026)
  • Most founders need to spend time there

Downs

  • You usually have to be there
  • The exemption is time-limited (the residency year plus ten following years on the new non-resident tax option)
  • After the exemption ends, foreign investment income does not stay at the advertised 0%
  • More expensive than Paraguay in year one and in year two
Licence / company
Only if you operate locally. The tax residency is personal tax residency.
Founder visa
Immigration residency and tax residency are not the same thing.
Employment visas
Hire people where they are allowed to work. This is not a UAE establishment card.
Medical insurance
Budget for private cover if you live there. It is a living cost, not a government visa fee.
Apartment
A lease if you are on the 183-day path.
Office / address
A home and time in the country, not a shared-desk package.
Annual filings
Personal tax and any non-resident tax elections under the 2026 rules. DGI (the tax authority) has been issuing follow-on resolutions through 2026.
What the advertised package leaves out
Law 20.446 changed the new-resident exemption and raised the investment threshold. Older summaries that treat Uruguay like Paraguay are out of date.

A poor fit if you want the tax status without spending time in the country.

Law 20.446 (16 December 2025) and Decreto 188/026. PwC and EY 2026 notes describe the new-resident exemption and the UI 12.5 million real-estate path. UI-to-USD conversions are secondary estimates, not a quote.

Taxes local income

Panama

US dollars and stronger banking than Paraguay. The visa is not the tax certificate.

Personal tax. Panama-source income can be taxed on progressive bands. Foreign-source income is generally not taxed if the territorial rule applies.

Company tax. Local profits are taxed. Foreign-source profits generally are not.

Ups

  • US-dollar economy and stronger banks than the cheaper options that tax local income
  • Foreign-source income is generally not taxed if you are tax resident under the territorial rule
  • Several residency routes, including retiree and investor paths
  • Panama City works as a base if you plan to live there

Downs

  • A lawyer is required for the immigration file
  • Investor / Friendly Nations capital thresholds are the price of entry for many foreigners
  • A visa is not automatically tax residency
  • Panama-source work is taxed. Whether remote work for foreign clients is Panama-source income depends on the facts. Confirm with an adviser.
Licence / company
A local company is optional. The tax residency generally taxes Panama income, not foreign income.
Founder visa
A lawyer has to file. Competitor-published Friendly Nations figures often sit around $200,000 in property or a qualifying deposit, plus government and legal fees.
Employment visas
A Panama card does not let you staff a team in Europe or the Gulf.
Medical insurance
Private cover. Budget it as a living cost, not a government visa fee.
Apartment
Panama City is cheaper than Dubai marina apartments and usually more expensive than Asuncion.
Office / address
Tax residency needs proof you live or work there. A virtual office address is usually not enough.
Annual filings
DGI filings if you are tax resident or earning Panama-source income.
What the advertised package leaves out
Buying property for a visa does not, by itself, make you tax resident, and it does not end tax residency somewhere else.

A poor fit if you have no capital for the visa route and do not want to hire a lawyer.

Territorial principle: Panama tax code / DGI practice. Visa capital figures: competitor-published immigration-agency ranges, not a DGI fee schedule. Tax residency versus immigration residency should be confirmed with a Panama adviser.

EU, 60-day residency

Cyprus

The 60-day rule is still available. Corporate tax is 15% from 1 January 2026, not 12.5%.

Personal tax. Progressive personal tax. Non-domicile exemption from Special Defence Contribution on dividends and interest survived the 2026 reform for 17 years, with paid extensions.

Company tax. 15% from 1 January 2026. The 2026 reform (enacted 22 December 2025, gazette 31 December 2025) raised it from 12.5%.

Ups

  • EU country with a documented 60-day personal tax-residency route
  • Non-domicile relief on dividends and interest is still the reason people come
  • English-friendly professional services market
  • Banks are often more willing to talk to a Cyprus company than a Wyoming LLC

Downs

  • Corporate tax is 15%, not the 12.5% rate in older blog posts
  • You need a home and a role in a Cyprus tax-resident company
  • Audit and accounting are recurring EU costs
  • From 2026, being tax resident somewhere else no longer blocks the 60-day rule, but a tax treaty may still treat you as resident in the other country
Licence / company
Cyprus limited company. Cheap to form next to a Dubai mainland LLC. More expensive to run as a tax-resident company.
Founder visa
Immigration is separate from the 60-day tax rule. EU citizens have an easier time. Others need a residence permit.
Employment visas
EU hiring is the point for some teams. It is not a UAE visa allocation.
Medical insurance
Budget private cover. Questions about the national health system (GESY / GHS) belong with an adviser if you become resident.
Apartment
A permanent home you own or rent is a legal condition of the 60-day rule.
Office / address
A registered office plus, if you are not resident, a nominee director. Agencies sell that as proof the company is local. It is an annual fee.
Annual filings
Annual return, financial statements, corporate tax return. The 2026 reform moved some deadlines.
What the advertised package leaves out
Corporate tax is 15% from 1 January 2026. If two countries both treat you as resident, the tax treaty decides.

A poor fit if you wanted a 0% company or you will spend 184 days in one other country.

Corporate tax 15% and 60-day rule change: Cyprus tax reform enacted 22 December 2025, Official Gazette 31 December 2025, effective 1 January 2026 (KPMG, EY). Law 244(I)/2025 amended the residence definition. Formation and running-cost bands: competitor-published 2026 professional-service ranges.

How to choose

  • You need a billing company and you are not moving. That is a company, not a tax residency. Wyoming is the usual US LLC for foreign founders. Include Form 5472 in the year-two cost.
  • You will live in the city and want 0% personal tax. The UAE can work if you also pay for visas, medical insurance, rent and renewals. Read the cost guide before you treat a shared-desk ad as the full cost.
  • Your customers are in Southeast Asia and you will live there. Singapore. Budget the Employment Pass salary and personal tax, not the S$315 ACRA fee.
  • You want a cheaper residency that taxes local income, not foreign income, and will accept weaker banking. Paraguay is the lower-cash option. Treat 'never visit' blogs as ads. Other tax offices still look at your flights.
  • You will spend 183 days and want stronger institutions. Uruguay. Law 20.446 changed the new-resident exemption and raised the investment threshold. The exemption is time-limited.
  • You want US dollars, banking and have capital for a visa route. Panama can work if you become tax resident there. Friendly Nations is a visa. Ask DGI about tax residency separately.
  • You want an EU tax residency and can spend 60 days in Cyprus. Cyprus. Budget 15% corporate tax, a permanent home and the risk that a tax treaty still treats you as resident somewhere else. The 12.5% blog posts are out of date.
  • You are a US citizen. Worldwide taxation still applies. None of these columns changes that. Talk to a US cross-border adviser before you copy a non-US founder's structure.

The UAE visa cost guide estimates visa fees. It does not include rent. For IFZA versus DMCC on the UAE company itself, use the free-zone finder.

Not a quote, not tax advice

Labelled 2026 ranges only. Where a number lives on a government page, the source is named. Where only a formation house or residency agency publishes a figure, it is marked competitor-published. Use this page to frame a conversation with an adviser or authority, then confirm the current rule before you pay.

  • UAE corporate tax and Small Business Relief: Ministry of Finance Decision 131 of 2026, reported by WAM on 7 August 2026. Relief may apply for tax periods ending on or before 31 December 2029.
  • UAE company cost bands: competitor-published StartDXB (June 2026), freezonecompare and Zetup, matching the 2026 cost guide.
  • Singapore corporate tax 17%, GST 9%, personal income tax to 24%: IRAS. ACRA incorporation fees: ACRA. Employment Pass salary and COMPASS: MOM.
  • Wyoming annual report: Wyoming Secretary of State. Form 5472 penalty: IRS Instructions for Form 5472. Beneficial ownership exemption for domestic companies: FinCEN final rule, 11 August 2026.
  • Paraguay territorial system: Ley 6380/2019. Certificate practice: DNIT / Resolucion General 65/2020.
  • Uruguay new-resident exemption: Law 20.446 (16 December 2025) and Decreto 188/026. UI-to-USD figures are secondary estimates.
  • Panama territorial principle: Panama tax code / DGI. Visa capital figures are competitor-published immigration-agency ranges.
  • Cyprus 15% corporate tax and 60-day rule change: 2026 tax reform, Official Gazette 31 December 2025, effective 1 January 2026 (KPMG, EY summaries of the enacted laws).

Questions

Is a Wyoming LLC a tax base?

No. A Wyoming LLC is a company. It does not give you a visa, a personal tax residency or 0% tax in the country where you live. Foreign-owned single-member LLCs usually still file Form 5472 with a pro forma Form 1120. Missing that filing can trigger a $25,000 IRS penalty per form.

Does 0% personal tax make the UAE cheap?

No. 0% personal income tax is the rate. Living there means paying for investor visas, employment visas, mandatory medical insurance, an apartment with Ejari and usually an office. Year 2 is often 35-60% above the year-one advertised company price. Use the labelled ranges on this page and the UAE company setup cost 2026 guide, not a formation ad.

Can I keep my current tax residency and just add a company?

Often yes, and that is a company, not a change of tax residency. Singapore, Cyprus and the UAE can be both if you actually meet the residency tests. Wyoming is only a company. Adding a second company without leaving the first country adds filings. It does not, by itself, cut tax.

What did Cyprus change in 2026?

Corporate tax moved from 12.5% to 15% from 1 January 2026. The 60-day personal tax-residency rule dropped the old condition that you must not be tax resident somewhere else. You still need 60 days, a home, a Cyprus role, and no more than 183 days in any other single country. If two countries both treat you as resident, the tax treaty decides.

Are Paraguay, Uruguay and Panama the same?

No. All three generally tax local income and not foreign income. Paraguay has no 183-day tax test in the law and a lower cash cost. Uruguay usually wants you to spend time there and changed its foreign-income exemption in Law 20.446. Panama uses US dollars and has stronger banks, and the visa is not the tax certificate. Choose based on how much time you will spend there and whether you can open a bank account.

Do US citizens get 0% by moving?

No. US citizens and many green-card holders stay taxable on worldwide income wherever they live. A UAE visa, a Wyoming LLC or a Paraguay card does not switch that off. This page is written for international founders. It does not change US worldwide taxation.

Are these numbers quotes?

No. They are labelled 2026 planning ranges from named government pages or, where only agencies publish a number, competitor-published figures. Confirm the current rule with an adviser or the authority before you pay. This is not tax, legal or immigration advice.

Keep exploring

UAE company setup cost 2026→Mainland vs free zone in 2026→UAE vs Singapore→UAE visa cost guide→Planning tools→The LaunchDubai book→

The book, not a formation ad

The book is $19.99 and written founder-to-founder, not by a formation company.

This page compares tax-base costs. The cost page is the UAE year-two number. The book is the judgement calls behind both, without a formation-house recommendation.

Read the book · $19.99